ADDENDA
Borax Technology
Borax is the world’s leading supplier of borate-containing products for industry. To help customers derive maximum benefit from their use of borates, Borax provides technical expertise in handling, processing and use, as well as undertaking original research into borate properties and applications.

Borax Technology is a single, coordinated team with laboratories and pilot plants in California, U.S., Guildford, U.K., and Coudekerque, northern France. Highly qualified staff encompass a broad range of disciplines: inorganic and analytical chemistry, mineralogy and minerals processing, chemical engineering, mathematical modeling, biology, solids processing, and colloid and physical chemistry.

Technical support to customers includes the investigation of complex problems through defined work programs, and collaborative research projects.

Borax Technology assists perborate manufacturers and detergent formulators by the development and pilot plant testing of aspects of sodium perborate manufacture, such as the effects of feedstocks and process control parameters; providing insights into low temperature stain removal; builder functionality; inclusion of borates in liquid and dishwasher formulations; and other laundry benefits derived from borate usage.

Acknowledgements
The information contained in this publication has been collated from published articles, technical journals and test data developed by researchers outside Borax, and from Borax Technology. Borax gratefully acknowledges the many authors of the technical papers and those companies whose patents and other literature have been consulted in the preparation of this work.

Borax does not warrant the accuracy of these results. Intending users should independently verify these results and confirm to their satisfaction that these descriptions of borate functions are fit and appropriate for their particular applications before use.
Bibliography
A bibliography of these sources is appended. 20 Mule Team® product literature and additional information is also available on request to any of the sales office addresses given on the Borax website (www.borax.com).

Patents
Some of the applications described herein are protected by patents but have been included in the interest of presenting a full picture of contributions from borates in the field of detergency. Intending users have the responsibility themselves to determine whether an existing patent may be infringed. Their inclusion here does not constitute any permission or waiver by or on behalf of Rio Tinto Borax.